Determinants of the Working Poor in the Papua Region of Indonesia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32665/statkom.v5i1.6402Keywords:
Working Poor, Multilevel Logistic Regression, Papua RegionAbstract
Background: The working poor are employed individuals who fail to achieve a minimum standard of living, reflecting that employment does not guarantee economic well-being. The Papua Region of Indonesia exemplifies this paradox.
Objective: This study examines the determinants of working poverty at individual and regional levels in 2023.
Methods: A multilevel binary logistic regression is applied to hierarchical data of workers nested within regions.
Results: Approximately 23.22% of workers are classified as working poor. Male workers are 1.59 times more likely to experience working poverty than females. Rural workers face 1.57 times higher odds compared to urban workers. Informal employment substantially increases vulnerability, with workers 3.21 times more likely to be poor. Those working less than 35 hours per week have 2.06 times higher odds of poverty. Education shows a strong protective effect: workers with primary and secondary education are 2.69 and 2.10 times more likely, respectively, to be poor compared to tertiary graduates. Workers without training are also more vulnerable (OR=1.16). At the regional level, higher GRDP reduces the likelihood of working poverty (OR=0.981).
Conclusion: Reducing working poverty requires improving job quality, expanding education and training, and promoting inclusive regional economic growth.
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