THE NORMATIVE EVOLUTION OF FATWAS: FROM PROPHETIC ETHICS TO LEGALISTIC FORMULATIONS

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This research examines the evolution of fatwa in Islam, from its roots in the dialogical tradition of the Qur'an and Prophet Muhammad's communication practices to its development into a formal and systematic legal system. Using a literature study method, this research analyzes how fatwa transformed from a dialogical and spontaneous practice into a structured institution. The findings show that the fatwa's responsive character to societal needs reflects the adaptive nature of Islamic law in facing various social, political, and intellectual changes. The process of formalization and systematization of fatwa did not eliminate its basic function as an instrument to bridge sacred texts with societal realities. This research also reveals the important role of practical wisdom and hermeneutics in ensuring the relevance of fatwa to ever-changing contexts. Understanding this evolution of fatwa provides a more comprehensive perspective on the dynamic nature of Islamic law and its ability to adapt to various historical and social contexts.