The effectiveness of cooperative learning models in improving physical education learning outcomes in elementary schools: a systematic literature review
Abstract View: 16,
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32665/citius.v6i1.6380Keywords:
cooperative learning model; physical education; learning outcomes; elementary schoolAbstract
Physical education in elementary schools still faces challenges in increasing student engagement and optimizing learning outcomes. This condition is often associated with the use of learning approaches that lack variety, resulting in learning activities that do not fully encourage collaborative student participation. Therefore, a study is needed to provide a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of learning models that can improve the quality of the learning process. This study aims to analyze, critically review, and synthesize research findings related to the application of cooperative learning models in physical education for elementary school students. The study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by analyzing ten scientific articles published between 2020 and 2024 and obtained through the Google Scholar database. The subjects of this study were research articles discussing the application of various types of cooperative learning models, such as Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD), Teams Games Tournament (TGT), Jigsaw, Numbered Head Together (NHT), and Think Pair Share (TPS). Data collection techniques were carried out through a process of identification, selection, and evaluation of literature based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques to integrate and interpret the findings. The review shows that all five cooperative models improved physical education learning outcomes at the elementary school level, with the STAD type being the most frequently applied and consistently producing the clearest gains in students' scores and learning completeness. These findings confirm that cooperative learning is an effective and adaptable strategy for improving the quality of physical education in elementary schools.
References
Adibah, S. M., Anggriawan, R., Pramudita, W. M., & Indrapangastuti, D. (2023). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw Tipe Kooperatif dalam Distribusi Bahan yang Adil dan Efisiensi Waktu pada Proses Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar. Studi Sosial, Humaniora, dan Pendidikan, 6(1), 625. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v6i1.71199
Alifia, E., Muhammad, H. N., & Hidayat, T. (2023). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament) dan TGfU (Teaching Games for Understanding) terhadap Motivasi Belajar pada Materi Keterampilan Kebugaran Jasmani. EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies, 4(1), 745–761. https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v4i1.6019
Anom Susila, I. W. (2022). Model Kooperatif Tipe Students Teams Achievement Divisions untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, dan Kesehatan. Journal of Education Action Research, 6(2), 228–234. https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v6i2.46609
Atmojo, S. T., Wibowo, S., & Thohari, A. (2024). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Materi Bola Besar Kelas V Melalui Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Stad Di Sdn Lidah Kulon 1 Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, 1(7), 2605-2612. https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jiic/article/view/915
Begel, A., & Ko, A. J. (2019). Learning Outside the Classroom (pp. 749–772). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108654555.027
Berabo, R. H., Rahmat, A., Carsiwan, C., & Nugraha, R. (2024). Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis: Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v10i1.6570
Bousalem, Z., Qazdar, A., & El Guabassi, I. (2023). Cooperative Learning Groups: A New Approach Based on Students’ Performance Prediction. International Journal of Online Engineering (Ijoe, 19(12), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i12.41181
Chaudhary, C. (2024). Cultivating social values in youth: The positive impact of physical education and sport. International Journal of Sports, Health and Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.33545/26647559.2024.v6.i1b.113
Chhabaria, L., & Bose, S. (2025). Integration of Constitutional Principles into Education for Holistic Development of Nation. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.51955
Daulay, A. S. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Stad untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa di Kelas IV SD Negeri 0701 Rattan Sogo. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 5(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.37728/ijobe.v5i2.633
Dyson, B., Howley, D., & Shen, Y. (2021). “Menjadi sebuah tim, bekerja sama, dan bersikap baik”: Perspektif siswa sekolah dasar tentang kontribusi pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap pembelajaran sosial dan emosional mereka. Pendidikan Jasmani & Pedagogi Olahraga, 26(2), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1779683
Eikeland, O., Johannesen, H. S., & Milosavljevic, K. (2024). Lifelong Learning. https://doi.org/10.3726/b21191
Endrawan, I. B., Aliriad, H., & Siswa Sekolah Dasar, M. P. K. B. M. M. H. B. P. J. (2023). Mimbar PGSD Undiksha (Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 9–17). https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v11i1.59758
Fataha, I., & Gani, A. A. (2025). Peningkatan kemampuan menendang bola dengan kaki bagian dalam melalui metode gergaji ukir. Jurnal Pembinaan Olahraga Jambura, 7(2), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.37311/jjsc.v7i2.32758
Fayzullayeva, X. (2024). Strategi untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial dalam pendidikan anak usia dini melalui pendekatan pembelajaran perkembangan. Jurnal Internasional Pedagogi, 4(12), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/volume04issue12-18
Febriyani, F., Isrok’atun, I., & Irawati, R. (2025). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif TPS Terhadap Keterampilan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Kelas III SD. Jurnal Intelektual Indo-MathEdu, 6(1), 936–944. https://doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v6i1.2588
Feng, H. (2023). Situasi Terkini Pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Kelas Sekolah Dasar Pedesaan di Kota Zhaoqing di bawah Kebijakan “Pengurangan Ganda” dan Penelitian Pembangunan Berkualitas Tinggi. Jurnal Internasional Pendidikan dan Humaniora. https://doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v11i3.14444
García-Holgado, A., Marcos-Pablos, S., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2020). Pedoman untuk melakukan Tinjauan Proyek Penelitian Sistematis. Jurnal Internasional Multimedia Interaktif dan Kecerdasan Buatan, 6(2), 9. https://doi.org/10.9781/IJIMAI.2020.05.005
Hananingsih, W., Isnaini, L. M. Y., & Irmansyah, J. (2024). The Role of Traditional Sports in Establishing Student Character through Physical Education, Sports, and Health Learning. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120310
Hazari, A. (2023). Tinjauan Pustaka: Mesin Pencari dan Strategi [(Hlm. 41–57).]. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8925-6_7
Huang, D. (2024). Research on the Relationship Between School Physical Education and Students’ Comprehensive Development. International Journal of Educational Teaching and Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.70767/ijetr.v1i2.307
I Gede Susila. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think-Pair-Share Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Pjok. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED). https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6570031
I Kadek Gunawan, N. P. D. Sucita Dartini, Peby Gunarto, I. W. Artanayasa, & I M Satyawan. (2024). Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PJOK Materi Kebugaran Jasmani Peserta Didik Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 12(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v12i2.83311
Illahi, R. F., Syamsuar, S., Sin, T. H., Welis, W., & Ockta, Y. (2024). Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar dan Kebugaran Fisik Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v9i2.5567
Irham, A., Anggoro, A. D., Mubasyir, A. C., Nurhayati, F., & Ningrum, S. A. (2024). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PJOK Materi Senam Lantai Guling Depan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i1.451
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2018). Cooperative Learning: The Foundation for Active Learning. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81086
Juniar, D. T., Suherman, A., Tarigan, B., & Mahendra, A. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa pada Pendidikan Jasmani. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v8i1.56156
Jurczyszyn, E. (2024). Exploring the Dynamic Landscape of Formal, Informal and Non-Formal Learning. International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies, 11(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.7069
Kandya, Y. (2023). Meningkatkan Kolaborasi Siswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Scramble di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia, 4(6), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijoer.v4i6.795
Kertya, I. G. (2022). Dampak Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD: Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Penjasorkes Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Journal of Education Action Research, 6(3), 410–416. https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v6i3.45856
Kodape, V. A. (2023). Enhancing Physical Education through Expert Guidance in Walking Activities: A Comprehensive Approach. International Journal of Science and Research. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr231122103749
Kuvnakova, G. A. (2024). Meningkatkan pendidikan dasar: Peran metode interaktif dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Jurnal Internasional Kemajuan dalam Penelitian Ilmiah. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-04-07
Main, K., & Prestridge, S. (2020). Pembelajaran kooperatif dan pengajaran kolaboratif (hlm. 352–371). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003117797-18
Mardiana, I. N. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Penjasorkes. Journal of Education Action Research, 6(3), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v6i3.45865
Maulana, T. D., Nugroho, A. A. S., Suryaputra, B. A., & Wulansari, A. (2024). Tinjauan literatur sistematis: Manajemen sumber daya ti di lingkungan pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.36040/jati.v8i1.8717
Micua, D. B., San Gabriel, A. M., Boy, R., Garcia, M., & Domingo, M. S. (2023). Meningkatkan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani melalui pendekatan pengajaran interaktif yang dimodernisasi: Studi persepsi siswa dan kinerja akademik. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra14165
Muawanah, U. (2023). Dampak Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif terhadap Motivasi Belajar dan Prestasi Akademik Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Internasional Penelitian dan Analisis Multidisiplin, 06(12). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i12-57
Muhammad Afif Nuruddin, Dony Andrijanto, & Luthfi Aidin. (2024). Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Passing Kaki dalam Melalui Model Kooperatif Jigsaw dalam Pembelajaran Sepak Bola. Journal of Creative Student Research, 2(5), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.55606/jcsr-politama.v2i5.4357
Muliyandari, A., Rahmatillah, R., & Keterlibatan Belajar Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Samarinda, P. M. P. K. (2024). Itqan: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kependidikan (Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 99–111). https://doi.org/10.47766/itqan.v15i1.2006
Mustamin, K. (2024). Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) untuk Meningkatkan Aktifitas dan Hasil Belajar. YASIN, 4(6), 1670–1684. https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v4i6.4410
Naro, W., Mirnawati, M., Suarni, S., & Gani, S. M. (2023). How Aspects of Characteristic-Based Learner Development: Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Aspects. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.171
Pritchard, R., & Dockerty, F. (2024). Ayo main! Meningkatkan pendidikan jasmani sekolah dasar melalui pendekatan yang terinspirasi oleh Rosenshine. Studi Kurikulum dalam Kesehatan dan Pendidikan Jasmani. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2024.2314057
Putri, S. Z., & Bhakti, Y. H. (2025). Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis. Jurnal Studi Pelajaran dan Pembelajaran, 8(1), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.23887/jlls.v8i1.91575
Quyet, N. T. (2024). Developing Education and Training Human Resources in Vietnam Today. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i03-40
Rammal, H. G. (2023). Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis: Langkah-langkah dan Kiat Praktis. https://doi.org/10.1108/s2754-586520230000002002
Restalia, W., Atiyah, A., & Kamal, R. (2025). Revitalisasi strategi pembelajaran kooperatif: Optimalisasi kolaborasi kegiatan siswa dalam pembelajaran (Vol. 5, Issue 2). Strategi Jurnal Inovasi Strategi Dan Model Pembelajaran. https://doi.org/10.51878/strategi.v5i2.5085
Schembri, R., Coppola, R., Tortella, P., & Sgrò, F. (2021). Meningkatkan kesenangan selama pelajaran pendidikan jasmani pada siswa sekolah dasar (Vol. 16, pp. 735–742). https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2021.16.PROC2.59
Siddagoud, V. M., & Sindhe, M. (2024). A Study on the Role of Physical Education and Sports in Promoting Social Skills of High School Students. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.28553
Singh, H. (2023). Perspectives in motion: Exploring health and physical education from the student’s angle. International Journal of Sports, Exercise and Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.33545/26647281.2023.v5.i2b.70
Stratton, G., & Draper, N. (2018). School physical education and physical activity (pp. 367–380). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315523859-22
Sumaeda, D. (2020). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Nht Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Tolak Peluru Peserta Didik Kelas V Sd N 4 Padangkerta. Jurnal IKA. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IKA/article/view/30059
Syuhada, M. F., Tobroni, T., Rasilah, R., & Hadiansah, D. (2025). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Jurnal Pendidikan Umum dan Humaniora, 4(1), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v4i1.329
Tanaya, K. (2023). Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Penjasorkes Siswa Kelas VI SD. Journal of Education Action Research, 7(1), 8-14. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JEAR/article/view/52120
Terziev, V. (2023). Socialization of the personality in the process of education and realization of the individual. IJAEDU- International E-Journal of Advances in Education. https://doi.org/10.18768/ijaedu.1326019
Ushtelenca, K., Pano, G., Lile, A., & Kushta, E. (2024). Impact of Physical Education Classes on Gross Motor Skills in Elementary School Children. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120309
Varjao, L. M., Batista, A. de P. A., & Varjao, C. S. (2022). Education and awareness transforming the world with action and reflection in the vision of edgar morin. International Journal of Human Sciences Research, 2(37), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5582372228116
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Zhao, D. (2022). Hubungan Guru-Siswa dalam Aktivitas Pendidikan Jasmani dalam Konteks Intersubjektivitas. Kemajuan dalam Pendidikan Jasmani, 12(04), 332–348. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2022.124025
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Abstract View: 16,
PDF Download: 0
SIMILARITY CHECK Download: 0
